Arbol Genealogico de los Reyes de España
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Monasterio de las Huelgas
La historia del Monasterio se inicia en 1187, cuando el rey Alfonso VIII y su esposa Leonor, deseosos de convertir este lugar en Panteón de Reyes y digno retiro de gran número de mujeres pertenecientes a la más alta aristocracia y la realeza, consiguieron, gracias al apoyo del Papa Clemente III y del Abad de Citeaux, Guido, llevar adelante una nueva fundación en Burgos, dando lugar al nacimiento del Monasterio de Santa María la Real de las Huelgas. La iniciativa fue muy bien acogida, convirtiéndose pronto en una realidad. Sin embargo, la idea de Alfonso VIII de hacer de este Monasterio, Cabeza y Matriz de todos los conventos femeninos cistercienses de Castilla y León, iba a traerle serios problemas y gran oposición por parte de los monasterios que ahora Huelgas pretendía poner bajo su control, dado que habían sido fundados con anterioridad. Perales, Gradefes y Cañas fueron los que se mostraron más reticentes con esta nueva fundación, así como aceptar como cabeza rectora a este monaster...
Results
ResponderEliminarThe three Bourbon males were correctly assigned to the main Y-chromosomal haplogroup R1b (R-M343) using the Whit Athey's Haplogroup Predictor as it was confirmed by Y-SNP typing. The individuals were further assigned to sub-haplogroup R1b1b2a1a1b* (R-Z381*) based on the latest update of the Y-chromosomal phylogenetic tree of AMY 1.2.31 The 38 Y-STR haplotypes of the living donors were compared to each other (Table 1). A maximum of four mutational differences out of 38 Y-STRs was found between the living donors, namely between samples A and JH (Table 2). Next, these haplotypes were also compared with the haplotypes from the blood sample and the head (Table 1). There were 25–26 mutational differences between the 17 common genotyped Y-STRs of the living donors and the blood sample, assuming that each mutation leads to a gain or loss of one repeat unit on a Y-STR. There were eight mutational differences between the six common Y-STRs of the living donors and the head sample and even five out of the three confirmed STRs (Table 2). Based on the calculated mean mutation rate for each set of Y-STRs using the individual mutation rates measured in Ballantyne et al35 and based on the formulas of Walsh,36 the 95% confidence interval for the number of meioses between both individuals of each sample pair was calculated (Table 2). Finally, the mitochondrial DNA analysis of the head also did not support the attribution of the sample to Henri IV. According to Charlier et al,24 the donor of the head belongs to mtDNA haplogroup U5b*. Our previous study of a series of living and deceased maternally related relatives of Louis XVII showed that the mtDNA haplogroup of the Habsburgs belonged to haplogroup H.4, 5
This means that no non-paternity event happened along the three studied in-depth paternal lineages although some rumors that the branch of Bourbon Orleans would be illegitimate (more details in Supplementary Materials). Therefore, the genetic analysis of the three DNA donors in this study revealed the Y-chromosomal variant of the Bourbon lineage, including King Louis XIII, King Louis XIV and Louis, le Grand Dauphin
No paternal relationship was found between the living DNA donors and the donors of the blood sample of Louis XVI or the head of Henri IV. First, the Y-chr of the donor of the blood sample belongs to haplogroup G(xG1,G2) while the living Bourbon members belong to R-Z381*. Based on the time calibration of the Y-chromosomal phylogeny, the time of the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) between individuals belonging to haplogroup G and R will be some 10 000 years ago.